I think you participant does not start because it cannot create log files.
By default Canton, writes its logs in two files, namely log/canton.log for standard logs and log/canton_errors.log to capture events for logging.last_errors commands
Since your non-root user probably has no rights over these paths, you should override them with paths your user can write to.
the path for standard logging can be specify using the command line --log-file-name or the environment variable LOG_FILE_NAME
the path for logging logging.last_errors commands cannot specify by the environment variable LOG_LAST_ERRORS_FILE_NAME or can be disabled with the flag --log-last-errors false.